Common Sleep Disorders

Current Research Projects

| Sleep Apnea | Limb Movements | Narcolepsy | Insomnia |
| Sleep Walking | Snoring | Nightmares | Seizures | Available Treatments |

Sleep is an integral part of human existence. We spend a third of our lives sleeping. Sleep influences our physical, psychological and social well being. About 70 million Americans suffer from a sleep disturbance which may be comprised of a broad range of problems. Many sleep disorders cause an increase in daytime sleepiness and an increase in road traffic accidents. Through clinical research, it has been found that there are more than 80 sleeping disorders. Some of the most common sleep disorders are listed below. Sierra Sleep Technologies can offer solutions to these common and debilitating sleep disruptions by providing proper treatment of the disorder. By enhancing your sleeping hours, your waking ones improve as well.

Common Sleep Disorders

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), the most serious sleep disorder, is periodic obstruction of the upper airway during sleep and has a prevalence rate of three to eight percent. Periods of apnea can last up to 90 seconds and may occur several hundred times per night. OSA is the most common medical cause of excessive daytime sleepiness and is more common in men.

Symptoms of OSA are listed below.

• Loud, habitual snoring
• Pauses in breathing during sleep
• Daytime sleepiness
• Irritability/Personality changes
• Obesity
• Choking/Gasping/snorts during sleep
• Hypertension
• Non-refreshing sleep/inability to wake up
• Daytime fatigue
• Memory and concentration problems
• Morning headaches
• Upper airway abnormalities
• Frequent napping
• Nocturnal Angina/Arrhythmias
• Frequent awakenings
• Sexual problems

Diagnosis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea should be made by pertinent history, physical examination, oximetry and polysomnography. Most people benefit from appropriate evaluation, treatment and follow-up.

Narcolepsy has a prevalence rate of five per 100,000 population.
Classical symptoms include:

• Excessive sleepiness
• Cataplexy (physical weakness with emotion)
• Hypnagogic hallucinations
• Sleep paralysis (occurs upon waking)
• Automatic behavior
• Low concentration
• Occupational/School problems
  

Symptoms may appear rapidly or develop slowly over the years. The cause of Narcolepsy is still unknown but shows strong familial clustering.

Periodic Limb Movements (PLM) are characterized by rhythmic jerking of the feet or legs. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is described as a “creeping, crawling” sensation that creates an urge to move the legs. Its prevalence rate is two to five percent. Patients with PLM or RLS often complain of the following symptoms.

• “Creepy” or “jumpy” legs
• Unpleasant sensation during sleep
• Insomnia/Non-refreshing sleep
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Increased activity
• Restless sleep
  

Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements is highly effective for 90 percent of patients seeking help.

Insomnia, in its chronic form, affects approximately nine percent of the population. It can last for weeks, months, or even years and may be related to the following:

• Worry, anxiety or stress
• Psychiatric disorders
• Primary sleep disorders
• Substance abuse
• Medical problems
• Behavioral/Conditional factors
  

Those with chronic insomnia may experience reduced productivity and accidents as a result of fatigue. Because insomnia is a symptom, the physician must search for the cause. Over 70 percent of insomnia sufferers sleep better after appropriate evaluation and treatment.

Parasomnia refers to a wide variety of disruptive, sleep-related events or “disorders of arousal.” These arousal disorders include:

• Sleep Walking
• Sleep terrors (pavor nocturnes)
• Nightmares
• Partial seizures
• Violent behavior during sleep
• REM behavior disorder (acting out dreams)
  

Severe cases may lead to injury, violence, excessive eating, or disturbance of others in the bed or house. In most cases, Parasomnia can be effectively diagnosed and treated.

Current Sleep News

Putting Sleep Problems To Rest